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NASA has selected three scientific payload suites intended to reduce uncertainty before people establish a sustained presence near the Moon’s south pole. LEMS-SP will operate as a long-term monitoring station, recording micrometeoroid impacts, volatile materials and seismic activity that could threaten equipment. GIMLI will investigate whether the Marius Hills Pit connects to a large lava tube. Such underground spaces could offer natural protection from radiation, extreme temperatures and micrometeoroids. DISCO will make direct measurements of ice in small, permanently cold traps while also examining surface stability and the effects of rocket exhaust. Its results could guide mobility plans and future use of lunar ice as a resource. The instruments were chosen through NASA’s PRISM programme and are expected to reach the surface through commercial lunar deliveries. Together, they address resources, shelter and environmental hazards rather than treating a lunar outpost as only an engineering challenge.